Spreader



F. E. ARNDT June 3, 1'9-4' S PREADER 4 Sheets-Sheen?I 1 Original' Filed Oct. 14. 1938 June 3, *1941.

F. E. ARNm-rv SPREADER OriginalFiled Octr. 14, 1938 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 F. E. ARNDT June 3, 1941.

SPREADER 4 Sheets-Sheet 5 Original Filed Oct. 14, 1938 f/vl/E/VTOR: FRANKUN EARND-l; `BY 0K^` M M,

ATT'Y.

M1163 1941- F. E. ARNDT 2211,48()

SPREADER Original Filed Oct. 14, 1938 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 /M/E/VTOR:

FRANKLIN E. ARNm).

ATT'Y Patented June 3, 1941 SPREAEDER Franklin E. Arndt, Galion, Dho, assignor to The Galion Iron Works & Manufacturing Company, a corporation of Ohio original application october 14, 1938, serial No.

i939, serial'No. I285,936

Vfz claims. (o1. 19a-428) My invention relates to spreading apparatus adapted to be hitchedto and towed 'behind a self-propelled dumping truck, and one of the objects of the invention is to improve and simplify a spreader of this type to increase the efficiency of operation thereof.

Another object of the invention isthe provision of improved and eflicient mechanism for mounting a rotary spreading device toprovide enclosed Divided and this application July Ztl,

operatively connected to a self-propelled dumping truck having a tilting body adapted to be connected to the spreader so that when the forward end of the tilting body is lowered the spreader will be lifted oi the ground and supported for transportation;

Fig. 2 is a rear end elevational view of the spreader shown in Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 is a plan View of the spreader shown lubricating means therefor, l in Figs. 1 and 2; v

A further object of the invention is the provi- Fig. 4 is a sectional elevational view taken on sion of thrust bearing mechanism for a rotary the line 4--4 of Fig, 1, looking in the direction of spreader, held in yielding driving engagement the arrows; with a ground engaging wheel in position to re- Fig. isa plan view of a spreader disc includceive on the upper side of the spreading device ing its radial iins; granular material from a hopper. "Fig 6 is a plan view of the valve mechanism Another object of the invention is the provifor controlling the flow of material from the dission of improved and eflicient mechanism for adcharge opening in the bottom of the hopper to the justing a ground engaging wheel toward and rotary spreader disc; from the axis of rotation of a rotary spreader;` Fig. '7 vis a perspective view of the agitating the under side of which is frictionally engaged by the periphery of the wheel.` i u A further object of the'invention is the provision of improved valve mechanism and means for operating the same to control the quantity of iiow of material from a hopper to a `rotary spreader; Y

A further object of the invention is the provision of an operators station on a spreader adapted to be hitched to and hauled behind a self-propelled `dumping truck,` such operators station being located at that side of the spreader near the rear `end of the dumping truck where the operator may signal the driver of the truck and where `such operator may control the gate at the rear end of the truck forflow of material from the truck to the hopper of the spreader.

Another object of the invention is the provision of improved `and efficient nieansforiiexibly connecting a material spreader to the rear end of a self-propelled dumping truck having `a tiltable body so that when the spreader is 'pivotally hitched to the dumping truck, the movement of the tiltable body of the dumping truck to horizontal position will automatically lift the spreader from the roadway and hold the same in elevated position for transportation.`

Other objects of the invention will appear hereinafter, the novel features and combinations being set forth in the appended claims. y

This application is a division of my co-pending application Serial No. 235,000, led October 14, 1938, for an Improvement in a material spreader.

In the accompanying drawings,

Fig. 1 is a side elevational view of the SpreaderV mechanism in the lower portion of the hopper above the valve plates;

Fig. 8 is a plan view of the auxiliary frame which supports the spreader disc; and

Fig. 9 is a plan view of the lower portion of the mainframe.

Referring to the accompanying drawings, the spreaderY embodying my improvements, comprises a supporting frame I0 having top angle irons I I, bottomplate members I2, and upright supports I3, I3', all of which are rigidly connected together, preferably by welding.

While the top of the supporting frame is shown square in outline in Fig. 3, the bottom plate members I2 are spaced apart only a short distance, as shown in Figs. 2 and 9, vand consequently the vertical uprights I3, I3 are spaced apart only a short distance at their upper and lower ends. Likewise the lower ends of the uprights I 3", I3 are spaced apart accordingly, as shown in Figs. 2 and 9.

A horizontal reinforcing plate I5 and reinforcing pipes I6 and I'I connect the spaced-apart vertical plates I2, I2, as shown in Figs. 1 and 9. The reinforcements I5, I6 and I 'I are preferably welded at their ends to the plates i2, I2,

The reinforcing pipe or tubular' connection Il between the bottom plates or bars I2, I2, serves also to receive and support the axle I8 on 'the lefthand end of which is journaled the ground engaging wheel I9. That end of the axle I9 remote from the wheel I9 is screw-threaded at 2B through anut 2| which is welded to the righthand plate or bar I2, as viewed in Fig. 4. This plate I2 with the nut 2I welded thereto is shown more clearly in Fig. 9. The axle I8 may be locked in adjusted position relative to the plates or bars I2 by means of a cotter pin 22 fitting in notches 22 of the nut 2I and extending through one of the series of transverse perforations 23 in the axle I8, as shown in Fig. 4. When the cotter pin 22 is removed, the axle I8 may be rotated by applying a wrench to the squared extension I8 from the shaft I8. In this manner the screw-threaded portion 20 may be threaded through the fixed nut 2I and thereby adjustment may be made of the position of the ground engaging wheel relative to the .frame and relative to the spreader disc 24 for a purpose hereinafter more fully explained.

The disc 24 is detachably mounted by means of the bolts 25, 25 on the hub 25 which .is journaled by means of the conical thrust bearings 21, 2I on the upright bearing shaft 28 which is secured at its lower end, preferably by welding, to the auxiliary `pivoted frame 29.

rlhe auxiliaryV frame 29, as shown in Fig. 8, comprises spaced-apart parallel plates Yor bars 35, 30 rigidly connected by thespacers 31, 32, 33. Intermediate `the `spacers 3l and 52 the enlarged lower end of the upright bearing shaft 28 is welded to the spaced-apart plates or bars 30, 30 as shown at 34 in Fig. 8.

The left-hand end of the auxiliary frame 29, as viewed in Fig. 8, shows the bars 30, :3D spacedapart a distance sucient to embrace the outer sides of the vertical angle irons I3, lf3. A pivot pin 35 is adapted to extend through openings 35, 35 in the arms 3'I, 31 of the auxiliary Aframe '29. The pivot pin 35 also extends through vperforations in the vertical angle 'irons I3, I3 a -short distance above the plates I2, I2, asshown in-.Fg 1.V Cotter pins 33 at the end of the Apivotgpin 35 retain the latter in xed relation to the main and auxiliary frames.

It should be 'particularly noted that the spreader disc 24 is carried by the auxiliary frame 2S and moves up and ndown bodily therewith. Mounted on the auxiliary frame 29 and fixed to the Vbearing shaft V28 is acoll'ar 39, and fixed to the bearing shaft 28 on top of the collar-39 is 'the lower conical roller bearing 40. AA lubricant seal surrounding the collar 39 yis shown at'4I inFig. 4.

The ring bearings 43, 44 Ii'l-t Vagainst reverse shoulders on the inner side of the hub v26, as shown in Fig. 4. The upper conical ring bearing member 45 is slidable vertically -on the-bearing shaft 28 so that by means of the nut A46 on the upper screw-threaded end of the bearing shaft 28, the spaced-apart conical thrust bearings may be taken up and the nut 45 then locked in adjusted position by meansof the cotter pin 48.

The spreader disc structure is shown in lFigs. 4 and 5 and comprises a plate 49 which is flat or plane on its under side and has radialiins I, 5I integral therewith on its upper side. The center of the plate 49 on Aits underside is 'provided with a semi-'spherical recess 50, as show-n in Fig. 4, so 'as to provide ample space for ftheupper end of the bearing shaft 28 and the nut 45 thereon. By removing the bolts 25, the spreader disc may be detached from the -hub y26 for the purpose of introducing lubricant into the chamber containing the conical thrust bearings shown in Fig. 4.

vAt the center of the upper side of the plate 49 is a cylindrical projection 52 which is provided with a socket 53 square in `cross-section to receive the lower end of the agitator post 54. It will be seen by referring to Figs. 4'and'5 that the fins 5I', 5I are integral with the upwardly extending projection 52 and radiate therefrom 90 apart. The other fins 5I, 5I extend inwardly from the circular edge of the disc plate 49 with their inner ends spaced from the cylindrical projectionk52. The holes or perforations 25 for receiving the bolts 25 are preferably arranged as 'shownin Fig. 5. All of the radial ns 5I, 5I exy tend above the plate 29 the same distance.

The upper end ofthe cylindrical projection or lsocket holder 52 extends a short distance upwardly through the center of the open bottom of the hopper 55, the upper side of which is also open to receive the material dumped from the tilting body 56 of the self-propelled dumping -truck-51, as illustrated in dash lines in Fig. l.

The lower :end portion of the agitator post 54 is lsquare in cross-section to it the square socket 53 and this lower end portion is provided with a transverse opening adapted to register'with radial openings .in the cylindrical projection 52 to receive a rivet 52', Vas shown in Fig. 4. The upper portion of the agitator post 54 is provided with radially extending agitator blades 54' radiatingifrom opposite sides of the post at varying distances from the discharge-openingV 55 in the `bottom ofthe hopper 55. Each of the radial agitator blades 54 isset at an angle so that the leading face will be `inclined downwardly and rearwardly relative to the direction of rotation of the spreader disc 24. It can readily be seen by referring'to Figs. 1 and 4 that when thedumping truck moves forward the ground engaging wheel I9 by frictionalengagement with the under plane surface of the plate 24 will drive :the latter in a clockwise direction, when viewed in plan. Consequently such rotation of the blades 54will cause them to act not only as agitating blades but also as propeller blades to assist gravity in -moving -the material in the "hopper downwardly to and through the 'hopper discharge 'opening 55.

The hopper 55 may 'becomposed'of nat plates 58, 58 with their upper edges at the angle irons II, II extended upwardly at a less angle, as shown in Fig. 14. The hopper may be bent into shape from a single piece of sheet'metal and then horizontal plates 59 may be welded to the outer walls of the hopper to extend laterally therefrom so as to rest on the angle irons I I. One of -suc'h plates is illustrated at 59 in Fig. 1 and each of the four `plates may be secured to the angle irons II by means ofthe bolts 59. It will thus Vbe seen that the `hopperhas an open top and has a discharge opening in its bottom and that this hopper is Aremovably attached to the main frame. The hopper is in the form of an inverted truncated pyramid vwith the edges of the open bottom square in formation with the exception Vof the cut-away portion 58', as shown in Figs. 3 and 6. The -open bottom 55 of lthe hopper is spaced above the spreader dise 24 with the agitator socket holder 52 projecting upwardly a short distance into .the hopper, as shown in Fig. 4. The edges of the hopper discharge opening 55 surround the cylindrical upper projection 52 but the hopper discharge opening is of such size as'to provide ample space for -free ow of material from the bottom of the hopper 55 to the top of the rotary spreader disc 24. By reason of the vpropeller blades 54 arranged as shown in Figs.

4 Aand 7, 'a downwardly propelling action is affordedfior the material in addition to a stirring action thereof, so that any tendency of discontinuance of flow Aof material by gravity fromthe hopperwill be avoided, Furthermore, such stirring action and propelling action will produce a more .uniform flow of the material so as to be in accordance with the speed of travel of the towing vehicle to which the spreader is hitched.

As shown in Fig. 4, the ground engaging wheel I9 is journaled to the left-hand end of the axle i8 in such a manner that when the axle I8 is adjusted relative to the plates or bars I2, the periphery of the rubber-tired wheel I9 will frictionally engage the flat or plane bottom of the spreader disc 24 at an adjusted distance from its center of rotation. Therefore when the axle I8 is adjusted axially relative to its support, the speed of rotation of the spreader disc 24 may be varied. Whenever the speed of rotation of the spreader disc 24 is varied, the speed of rotation of the propeller blades 54 is likewise varied. The nearer to the center of the spreader disc 24 the ground engaging driving wheel I9 is adjusted, the faster the disc will be rotated and the greater the area will be over which the material is spread. For instance, when sand is distributed on icy pavements, it is desirable that the spreader shall throw the material ahead of the rear wheels of the towing truck as well as ahead of its own wheel I9 to assure adequate traction. At the same time two lanes of traffic may have sand distributed thereon by a single trip of the truck and spreader. The increase of rotation of the spreader disc 24 will also effect increased rotation of the agitating mechanism, and consequently the faster the material can flow from the hopper.

The spreader disc 24 may be made of metal,

such as iron or steel, or other material, and its lower flat side may have attached thereto a layer of friction material, but I prefer the rubber-tired driving wheel I9 frictionally engaging the flat metal side of the rotary spreader disc 24.

In order to hold the lower flat side of the spreader disc 24 yieldingly against the periphery of the rubber-tired ground engaging wheel I9, a compression spring 60 is mounted at that end of the auxiliary frame 2S remote from the pivot 35 so as to urge the .auxiliary frame 29 down toward the reinforcing plate I5 which connects the plates l2. The spring S surrounds a bolt 6 I, the lower end of which extends through an opening 62 in the spacer I5 between the plates I2. Above the spacer I the bolt 6I extends through an opening 63 in the spacer 3! between the plates 30. The upper end of the bolt 6l extends through a Washer @Il on top of which is a nut 65, by means of which the tensionin the spring may be acljusted. Inasmuch as the spring 60 urges the right-hand end of the auxiliary frame 29, as viewed in Fig. 1, in a downward direction, the bearing shaft 23 `and nut 46 shown in Fig. i transmit this downward force to the spreader disc 24 so as to hold the latter yieldingly against the periphery of the ground engaging wheel I9. Any irregular periphery of the wheel IS, such as that caused by road material clinging thereto, will not interfere with maintenance of frictional engagement between the periphery of the wheel and the bottom of the spreader disc.

The bitching mechanism for connecting the spreader to a self-propelled dumping truck is shown in Figs. 1 and 3 and comprises a drawbar structure composed of spaced-apart vertical plates 55, 55 rigidly connected to the forward upper edge of the main frame, with the forward ends of the plates E6 rigidly connected together by means of the pipe 61. The supporting plate 68 may be connected to the rear end of the vehicle frame 69 by means of the lag screws 10 extending through perforations in the plate 58.

Extending rearwardly from the plate 53 are two pairs of vertically spaced horizontal bracket plates 12, 12 connected by vertical spacer plates 13, 13 which serve to act as abutments for the front side of the pipe 61 when the latter is located between the bracket plates 12, 12, as shown in Figs. 1 and 3. The drawbar plates 65, 65 are preferably located outside of the spacer plates 13, as shown in Fig. 3. Coupling pins 14 are adapted to be inserted through vertically aligned openings in the spaced-apart bracket plates 12, 12. The coupling pins may be connected by means of chains 'IS to the main frame of the spreader, as shown in Figs. 1 and 3.

At the rear of the top edge of the main frame of the spreader and at the corners thereof are located inclined sockets 11, 11 in diverging relation to each other, as shown in Fig. 2, for receiving the screw eyes 18, 18 which project downwardly a sufficient distance for receiving the compression springs 19, 1B between the nuts 80, 8E! and the bottoms of the sockets 11, 11, as shown in Fig. 2. By means of the nuts 8i! the tension of each of the springs 1Q may be individually adjusted and the nuts then locked in adjusted positions to the screw eyes 18.

Chains 8l, 8l are connected to the screw eyes 18, 18 and provided at their free ends with hooks B2, 82 which are adapted to be connected to the loop chains 83 mounted on the rear end of the truck body 55, as shown in Fig. 1. It should be understood that there are two loop chains at the rear end of the truck body one on one side thereof and the other on the other side thereof and that the hook 82 of one chain 8l is connected to one of these loop chains B3 and the other hook 82 of the other chain 8l is connected to the other loop chain 83.

It can readily be seen by referring to Fig. 1 that when the forward end of the truck body 55 tilts downwardly on its pivot 84, the chains Bl, 83 will effect lifting of the driving wheel I9 from the ground. The springs 19 will act as shock absorbers both when the spreader is lifted from the roadway and during transportation of the spreader while up oir the roadway. Since the loop chains 83 are connected to the rear end of the truck body on opposite sides thereof, the pulls on the chains 8| will be in the direction of the dotted linesV 15, 15 and consequently the sockets 11, 11 ar-e inclined in converging relation to each other, as shown in Fig. 2, so as to facilitate movements of the screw eyes 18, 18 in their sockets 11, 11.

During transportation the truck body 55 for containing the road material occupies a horizontal position but when the spreader is to be operated such truck body is tilted to the position shown in Fig. 1, whereupon the supporting chains 8|, 83 will let the spreader down to the roadway. During operation of the` spreader, the chains 8l and 83 are disconnected. The tilting of the truck body 56 is Vsuch as to regulate the fiow of material therefrom through a center gateway at the lower rear endof the truck body, as illustrated at 88 in Fig. 2.

The spreader operators station is on the platform which is secured by means of the brackets 86, B6 to one side of the main frame o-f the spreader. An inverted U-shaped rod 81 is secured at its lower ends to the rear end of the main frame of the spreader and to the rear end of the platform 85, as shown in Fig. 2. The upper horizontal portion ofthe rod 8l may be used as a rail to be grasped by the right hand of the spreader operator, while With his left hand he may open the gate at the rear end of the truck body 59, or assist the iiow of the material into the 'hopper by means of a rake or other tool. The hand rail 8l may be in the form of a pipe with its lower ends welded to the rear end of the main frame of the spreader and to the rear outer edge of the platform 85. A reinforcing cross-pipe 89 may have its ends welded to the rail 8l and a diagonal brace rod 98 may have its upper end welded to the cross-piece 89 and its lower end welded to the main frame of the spreader, as shown in Figs. 1 and 2.

It should be particularly noted that the operators platform 85 is preferably located on the left-hand side of the spreader, as viewed in Fig. 2, so that the spreader operator may signal the operator of the truck, through the latters driving mirror. Such signalling to the truck operator is for the purpose of controlling the speed of travel of the truck and the tilting of the truck body 56, while the spreader operator has under his observation the rateV of flow of material from the truck body 56 into the hopper 55 and the spreading of the material on the roadway by means of the'rotary spreader 2t.

However, by means of valve mechanism assoelated with the discharge opening in the bottom of the hopper, the spreader operator may control or regulate the volume of flow from the hopper to the rotaryspreader. By means of vertical spaced-apart bracket plates 9i, 9i, a horizontal cross-piece 92 is supported in the position shown in Fig. 2 to afford support for two spaced-apart bolts 95, 93 to serve as pivotal bearings for the interrneshing gears 94, 94.

Secured to these gears 94, 94 are horizontal valve plates 95, 95 each of which is provided with a semi-circular recess 95 to fit over the cylindrical socket holder 52. It will thus be seen that since the gears 94 are rigidly attached to plates 95, the lower heads of the bolts 93 support the gears and the valve plates. The bolts extend through perforations in the cross-piece 92 and have nuts locked to their upper ends, as shown in Fig. 4.

The rear valve plate 95 has a rearwardly extending bracket 9i to which isY pivotally connected a link 98 the rear end of which is pivoted at 99 to the lower end of the operating lever |99. A pair of spaced-apart vertical bracket plates lil, it! are secured to the rear end of the spreader frame and extend rearwardly therefrom, as shown in Fig. l, to receive between them the lower portion of the operating lever H39. Spring-pressed bolts |92, E93 connect the plates Il, i9! so as to frictionally hold the operating lever in adjusted position. The operating lever is pivoted to the upper spring-pressed bolt 192 while the lower spring-pressed bolt m3 serves as an abutment to limit the rearward movement of the upper end of the operating lever 98. An additional bolt les between the plates i9! serves as an abutment to limit the forward movement or" the pper end of the operating lever 99.. The abutment H33 .corresponds vto the closed position of the valve mechanism, as shown in Fig. 3, whereas the abutment 184 `corresponds. to the open position vof the valve mechanism, illustrated in Fig. 6. Also, as shown in Fig. 6, a small plate is secured to the bottom of the plate 95 that carries the bracket 91. The other plate 95 may overlap the plate iwhen the valve Vmecha- Vnisrn is in the closed 'position shown in Fig. 3. This arrangement assures movements of the plates 95 toward each other in the same plane in close tting relation to the edges 55 (Fig. 4) of the bottom discharge opening of the hopper.

By means of the valve mechanism the spreading of the material may be continuous or intermittent. The flow of material and the volume of flow depends upon the feed valve setting. The feed valve control lever |98 is Within easy reach of the operator as he stands on the platform 85. The valve is a two section or double gate type, one section being operated by direct connection to the control lever 09 and the second section operates in unison as the two sections 95, 95 are geared together at the pivot points 93, 93.

The width of spread of the material is governed by the speed of travel of the dumping truck and by the adjustment of the automotive wheel i9 toward or from the vertical axis of the rotary spreader disc 29. The operators platform is located on the left-hand side of the spreader where the operator can signal the operator of the truck as above explained. The floor o'f the platform 85 is preferably a safety tread steel plate with the outer longitudinal edge turned up, as shown at iit in Fig. 4, as anY extra safety factor.

The operator while standing on the platform can adjust the gate at the rear end of lthe truck body 55 to regulate the now of material to the hopper 55, and then by operation oi' the valve lever 99 the spreader operator can start, stop and regulate the distribution of the material to vary the thickness or density of the spread. The agitator rotates continuously in the material in the hopper just above the feed valve mechanism. The blades 54 also act as propellers to feed the material as well as to keep it from packing. During spreading operations the `chain-sV 8| need not be hooked to the truck. The function of the chains 8l is to support the spreader up off the yground while being taken to or from a distributing operation. The eye bolt sockets 'il are set at converging angles, as shown in Fig. 2, to permit the chains Si to support the spreader from the corners of the rear ends of the truck dump body to support or suspend a load of material in the hopper in good riding position without cramping the action of the snubber springs '19.

It is preferred to offset the ground engaging wheel I9 toward that side of the spreader where the platform 85 is located, as shown in, Fig. 4, to decrease the operators weight leverage tending to til-t the spreader laterally against the hitching connections shown at the left-hand end of Fig. 3.

There is of course inherent in the construction disclosed, a floating action of the disc 2li on. the periphery of the wheel i9 Vby reason of the weight of the disc and the parts moving up and down bodily therewith. But I prefer not to omit the spring 59 because 'the inclusion of the spring is more eective in keeping the bottom of the disc 211 in frictional driving engagement with the periphery of the wheel i9 and the spring mounting acts to limit the upward bouncing of the disc and therefore keeps the cylindrical projection 52 in the center of the opening 55 in the bottom of the hopper.

While sand has `been mentioned as a spreading material, it should be understood that otherV materials, such as stone dust, cinders, `slack,

chips, calcium chloride, rock salt, chemically treated abrasive or other materials may also be spread on highways to eliminate'ice hazards or other hazards of the highway. The various ad# justments disclosed are desirable on` account of the varying conditions met with and on account of the various materials used. For instance, chemically treated material will embed more quickly and more securely in ice surfaces, than untreated materials, and the distribution of chemically treated abrasive materials in addition to offering immediate safety for travel of vehicles, tends to melt ice or honey-comb the deposit so that the tires oi vehicles in traffic will break it into slush and :thus minimize the skidding hazards on the highways.

Obviously those skilled in the art may make various changes in the details and arrangement of parts without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the claims hereto appended, and I therefore Wish not to be restricted to the precise construction herein disclosed.

Having thus described and shown an embodiment of my invention, what I desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States is:

1. As an article of manufacture, a rotary spreading device having a plane frictional driving surface on its underside .adapted to engage the periphery of a ground engaging driving wheel, said plate having integral with its upper side radial spreader fins circumferentially spaced with an axial projection integral with the central portion of the plate, said axial projection being provided with a recess non-circular in cross-section to serve as a socket for .a material agitator and said plate being adapted to receive material while being rotated by the wheel periphery in a horizontal plane and carry such material between such :tins until thrown by centrifugal forces from the periphery of the plate.

2. A spreader unit comprising the combination with a plate having a plane frictional driving surface on its underside and radial spreader ns on its upper side, of an axial projection on the upper side of said plate at the center of rotation thereof to afford an agitator socket, and a tubular hub extending downwardly from said plate at the center of rotation thereof, said hub being adapted to be journaled to a support for rotation of the plate from said plane frictional driving surface on the upright axis of the hub while the space beyond the periphery of said plate remains free and unobstructed for free spreading of material horizontally in all directions.

3. A spreader unit comprising the combination with a plate having a plane frictional driving surface on its under side and radial spreader fins on its upper side, of an axial projection on the upper side of said plate at the center of rotation thereof to afford an agitator socket, an agitator itting said socket and comprising a downwardly propelling agitator blade, and means on the under side of said plate at the center thereof for journaling said plate and agitator for rotation on the upright axis of said socket while said plate is being rotated from said plane frictional driving surface.

4. A spreader unit comprising the combination with a plate having a plane frictional driving surface on its underside and spreader ns on its upper side, said plate having a semi-spherical recess on its underside at the center thereof, a cylindrical hub, and means for detachably securing said hub to the under side of said plate in position to register with said semi-spherical recess, said hub being adapted to receive mechanisrn extending into said recess for journaling said plate for rotation on an upright axis while being driven from such frictional driving surface with space surrounding said plate free and unobstructed.

5. A spreader unit comprising the combination with a plate having a plane frictional driving surface on its under side and spreader fins on its upper side, and a hub secured to the underside with reversely arranged annular shoulders within the hub for receiving annular races of thrust bearings for supporting the plate for rotation on an upright axis while being rotated from such frictional driving surface.

6. A spreader unit comprising the combination with a plate having a plane frictional driving surface on its under side and radial spreader ns on its upper side, of an axial projection at the `center of the upper side of said plate to afford an agitator socket non-circular in cross-section, an agitator fitting in said socket and comprising a radial downwardly propelling blade, and mechanism at the center of the bottom of said plate adapted to journaling means to support the plate for rotation from such frictional driving surface on an upright axis.

7. A spreader unit comprising the combination with a plate having a plane frictional driving surface on its underside and radial spreader ns on its upper side, of an agitator mounted on the upper side of said plate and comprising a downwardly propelling blade, and a tubular hub secured to the under side of said plate for journaling said plate for rotation from such frictional driving surface on an upright axis.

FRANKLIN E. ARNDT. 

